环境说明：

操作系统： Rocky Linux release 9.3
containerd版本：1.6.26
kubernetes版本：v1.28.2
K8S master 节点IP：192.168.2.175
K8S master 节点IP：192.168.2.176
K8S master 节点IP：192.168.2.177
K8S worker节点IP：192.168.2.185
K8S worker节点IP：192.168.2.187
K8S worker节点IP：192.168.3.62
K8S worker节点IP：192.168.3.70
VIP 192.168.3.251
网络插件：flannel
kube-proxy网络转发： ipvs
kubernetes源： 阿里云镜像站
service-cidr：10.96.0.0/16
pod-network-cidr：10.244.0.0/16

• 没做特殊说明就是在所有节点进行操作

部署准备：

1、修改内核参数

vim /etc/sysctl.conf
vm.swappiness=0
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables=1
sysctl -p

2、关闭swap

swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
修改 fstab 不在挂载 swap
vi /etc/fstab
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

3、将 SELinux 设置为 disabled 模式

 setenforce 0
 sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

4、cgroup2 开启(经常升级内核不建议执行不然会出现升级后不能启动，只能用旧内核启动的问题)

grubby \
  --update-kernel=ALL \
  --args="systemd.unified_cgroup_hierarchy=1"

5、内核模块加载

cat <<EOF | tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
nf_conntrack
EOF

cat <<EOF | tee /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf
ip_vs
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_sh
EOF

6、重启系统使上面配置生效

reboot

7、安装依赖

dnf install -y   dnf-utils  ipvsadm  telnet  wget  net-tools  conntrack  ipset  jq  iptables  curl  sysstat  libseccomp  socat  nfs-utils  fuse  fuse-devel 

安装 containerd

1、导入containerd源

yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

2、安装containerd

yum install containerd.io

containerd 配置

1、配置 containerd

 # 生成默认配置
 containerd config default > /etc/containerd/config.toml
 # 修改配置
 sandbox_image = "registry.k8s.io/pause:3.6" 改成国内地址
 sandbox_image = "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9"
Updated config for group driver changed..

[plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc]
  ...
  [plugins."io.containerd.grpc.v1.cri".containerd.runtimes.runc.options]
    SystemdCgroup = true

2、 创建存储挂载数据

mkdir -p /var/lib/containerd/
mkdir -p /apps/containerd/ # 改成你大硬盘路径

/etc/fstab

echo "/apps/containerd /var/lib/containerd none defaults,bind,nofail 0 0" >>/etc/fstab

systemctl daemon-reload
# 挂载
mount -a
# 查看是否挂载
[root@k8s-master-1 containerd]# mount | grep containerd
/dev/vda3 on /var/lib/containerd type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota)

3 开启开机启动并启动

systemctl enable containerd.service --now

4、查看进程是否启动

systemctl status containerd.service 

5、 查看数据盘是否有文件有证明挂载正确

ll /apps/containerd/

6、 创建crictl 配置

cat <<EOF | tee /etc/crictl.yaml
runtime-endpoint: "unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
image-endpoint: "unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
timeout: 10
debug: false
pull-image-on-create: true
disable-pull-on-run: false
EOF

8、查看配置是否生效

[root@k8s-master-1 containerd]# crictl info|  grep sandboxImage
     "sandboxImage": "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6",
[root@k8s-master-1 containerd]# crictl info|  grep SystemdCgroup
            "SystemdCgroup": true   

安装 kubelet kubeadm kubectl

1、 导入repo源

# 注意，这里就是用el7的源，google没有为rhel8、rhel9再单独打包
cat <<EOF |  tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
EOF

• kubelet所有节点都需要安装
• kubectl可以安装在任意机器，只要能远程连接到k8s的节点即可
• kubeadm所有节点都需要安装

# 安装yum源中最新版本
# yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl

# 查看当前yum源有哪些kubelet版本
# yum list kubelet kubeadm kubectl  --showduplicates

# yum 安装指定1.28.2版本
yum install -y kubelet-1.28.2-0  kubeadm-1.28.2-0  kubectl-1.28.2-0 

配置kubelet

1、 创建kubelet 存储挂载

mkdir /var/lib/kubelet
mkdir /apps/kubelet
/etc/fstab

echo "/apps/kubelet /var/lib/kubelet none defaults,bind,nofail 0 0" >>/etc/fstab

systemctl daemon-reload
# 挂载
mount -a

2、 查看是否挂载

[root@k8s-master-1]# mount | grep kubelet
/dev/vda3 on /var/lib/kubelet type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,logbufs=8,logbsize=32k,noquota)

6、刷新 service

systemctl daemon-reload

# 设置kubelet 开机启动
systemctl enable kubelet.service
# 查看启动状态
systemctl status kubelet.service

7、创建lb master1 节点

# 官方文档: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubeadm/blob/main/docs/ha-considerations.md#kube-vip
# 可使用镜像  juestnow/kube-vip:v0.6.4
# KVVERSION=$(curl -sL https://api.github.com/repos/kube-vip/kube-vip/releases | jq -r ".[0].name")
export KVVERSION='v0.6.4'
export VIP=192.168.3.251
export INTERFACE='eth0'
# 简化命令，将命令设置为别名
alias kube-vip="ctr run --rm --net-host docker.io/juestnow/kube-vip:$KVVERSION vip /kube-vip"

# 下载镜像
ctr images pull docker.io/juestnow/kube-vip:$KVVERSION

# 执行命令创建yaml
kube-vip manifest pod \
    --interface $INTERFACE \
    --vip $VIP \
    --controlplane \
    --arp \
    --leaderElection | tee /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-vip.yaml

# 修改镜像策略
sed -i 's/Always/IfNotPresent/g' /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-vip.yaml
sed -i "s#ghcr.io/kube-vip/kube-vip:v0.6.4#docker.io/juestnow/kube-vip:$KVVERSION#g" /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-vip.yaml

# 下载镜像
crictl pull docker.io/juestnow/kube-vip:$KVVERSION
# 修改后内容
cat  /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-vip.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  name: kube-vip
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  containers:
  - args:
    - manager
    env:
    - name: vip_arp
      value: "true"
    - name: port
      value: "6443"
    - name: vip_interface
      value: eth0
    - name: vip_cidr
      value: "32"
    - name: cp_enable
      value: "true"
    - name: cp_namespace
      value: kube-system
    - name: vip_ddns
      value: "false"
    - name: vip_leaderelection
      value: "true"
    - name: vip_leasename
      value: plndr-cp-lock
    - name: vip_leaseduration
      value: "5"
    - name: vip_renewdeadline
      value: "3"
    - name: vip_retryperiod
      value: "1"
    - name: vip_address
      value: 192.168.3.251
    - name: prometheus_server
      value: :2112
    image: docker.io/juestnow/kube-vip:v0.6.4
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    name: kube-vip
    resources: {}
    securityContext:
      capabilities:
        add:
        - NET_ADMIN
        - NET_RAW
    volumeMounts:
    - mountPath: /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
      name: kubeconfig
  hostAliases:
  - hostnames:
    - kubernetes
    ip: 127.0.0.1
  hostNetwork: true
  volumes:
  - hostPath:
      path: /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
    name: kubeconfig
status: {}

# 最后将该配置文件放到所有控制平面的/etc/kubernetes/manifests
scp -rp /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-vip.yaml [email protected]:/etc/kubernetes/manifests/
scp -rp /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-vip.yaml [email protected]:/etc/kubernetes/manifests/

初始化kubernetes master1 执行

kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=0.0.0.0 \
                     --apiserver-cert-extra-sans=127.0.0.1 \
                     --kubernetes-version 1.28.2 \
                     --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
                     --ignore-preflight-errors=all  \
                     --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
                     --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
                     --ignore-preflight-errors=all \
                     --upload-certs \
                     --control-plane-endpoint=192.168.3.251 \
                     --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock

#初始化过程
[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]# kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=0.0.0.0 \
                     --apiserver-cert-extra-sans=127.0.0.1 \
                     --kubernetes-version 1.28.2 \
                     --image-repository=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers \
                     --ignore-preflight-errors=all  \
                     --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
                     --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \
                     --ignore-preflight-errors=all \
                     --upload-certs \
                     --control-plane-endpoint=192.168.3.251 \
                     --cri-socket=unix:///var/run/containerd/containerd.sock
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.28.2
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING Hostname]: hostname "k8s-master-1" could not be reached
        [WARNING Hostname]: hostname "k8s-master-1": lookup k8s-master-1 on 192.168.2.84:53: no such host
        [WARNING FileContent--proc-sys-net-bridge-bridge-nf-call-iptables]: /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables does not exist
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
W0111 19:59:33.239720  811848 checks.go:835] detected that the sandbox image "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.6" of the container runtime is inconsistent with that used by kubeadm. It is recommended that using "registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9" as the CRI sandbox image.
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local rocky] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.2.175 192.168.3.251 127.0.0.1]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/ca" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost k8s-master-1] and IPs [192.168.2.175 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [localhost k8s-master-1] and IPs [192.168.2.175 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "sa" key and public key
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "kubelet.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for local etcd in "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[wait-control-plane] Waiting for the kubelet to boot up the control plane as static Pods from directory "/etc/kubernetes/manifests". This can take up to 4m0s
[apiclient] All control plane components are healthy after 7.563962 seconds
[upload-config] Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap "kubeadm-config" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[kubelet] Creating a ConfigMap "kubelet-config" in namespace kube-system with the configuration for the kubelets in the cluster
[upload-certs] Storing the certificates in Secret "kubeadm-certs" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[upload-certs] Using certificate key:
c6a80e1929786899137bb0a765323fa0cb7c14fb8c0bedb61a0eaf1583a13abd
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node rocky as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node rocky as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule]
[bootstrap-token] Using token: u9ryln.7f9t2ih8v1es5d79
[bootstrap-token] Configuring bootstrap tokens, cluster-info ConfigMap, RBAC Roles
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to get nodes
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order for nodes to get long term certificate credentials
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
[bootstrap-token] Configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation for all node client certificates in the cluster
[bootstrap-token] Creating the "cluster-info" ConfigMap in the "kube-public" namespace
[kubelet-finalize] Updating "/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf" to point to a rotatable kubelet client certificate and key
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of the control-plane node running the following command on each as root:

  kubeadm join 192.168.3.251:6443 --token vx5j0a.7n1jgk7cj7hffkmy \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6055c9951d7d92d1243006e973a41a375b71b8e20ae4ccdf35ac4a7edfd4531a \
        --control-plane --certificate-key 5da3036c3748773980d0cc9ee4352ace20f6b3a5fbee5a5aad2a9ff0bba3ccd2

Please note that the certificate-key gives access to cluster sensitive data, keep it secret!
As a safeguard, uploaded-certs will be deleted in two hours; If necessary, you can use
"kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs" to reload certs afterward.

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 192.168.3.251:6443 --token vx5j0a.7n1jgk7cj7hffkmy \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6055c9951d7d92d1243006e973a41a375b71b8e20ae4ccdf35ac4a7edfd4531a

# 错误排除
journalctl -u kubelet
# 查看集群状态
[root@k8s-master-1 apps]# kubectl  get cs
Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE   ERROR
scheduler            Healthy   ok
controller-manager   Healthy   ok
etcd-0               Healthy   ok
# 查看集群pod
[root@k8s-master-1 apps]# kubectl  get pod -A
NAMESPACE     NAME                                   READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
kube-system   coredns-66f779496c-dk8sr               0/1     Pending   0          4m40s
kube-system   coredns-66f779496c-vmqcl               0/1     Pending   0          4m40s
kube-system   etcd-k8s-master-1                      1/1     Running   1          4m52s
kube-system   kube-apiserver-k8s-master-1            1/1     Running   1          4m57s
kube-system   kube-controller-manager-k8s-master-1   1/1     Running   1          4m52s
kube-system   kube-proxy-rmc6j                       1/1     Running   0          4m40s
kube-system   kube-scheduler-k8s-master-1            1/1     Running   1          4m53s

# 修改 kube-proxy 为ipvs
kubectl -n kube-system edit cm kube-proxy
    logging:
      flushFrequency: 0
      options:
        json:
          infoBufferSize: "0"
      verbosity: 0
    metricsBindAddress: ""
    mode: "ipvs" # 添加ipvs
    nodePortAddresses: null
# 让配置生效
kubectl -n kube-system delete pod kube-proxy-rmc6j
# 查看  kube-ipvs0 网卡是否创建
[root@k8s-master-1 apps]# ip a | grep kube-ipvs0
3: kube-ipvs0: <BROADCAST,NOARP> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default
    inet 10.96.0.1/32 scope global kube-ipvs0
    inet 10.96.0.10/32 scope global kube-ipvs0
# 查看 ipvs 信息
[root@k8s-master-1 apps]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  10.96.0.1:443 rr
  -> 192.168.2.175:6443           Masq    1      0          0
TCP  10.96.0.10:53 rr
TCP  10.96.0.10:9153 rr
UDP  10.96.0.10:53 rr

部署 master2，master3 执行

  kubeadm join 192.168.3.251:6443 --token u9ryln.7f9t2ih8v1es5d79 \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:2c8298c1e572f37919d6df24cb80984b421a25ffd06bcc8ba522afb0ce9a5f83 \
        --control-plane --certificate-key c6a80e1929786899137bb0a765323fa0cb7c14fb8c0bedb61a0eaf1583a13abd

[root@k8s-master-2 tmp]# kubeadm join 192.168.3.251:6443 --token vx5j0a.7n1jgk7cj7hffkmy \
>         --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6055c9951d7d92d1243006e973a41a375b71b8e20ae4ccdf35ac4a7edfd4531a \
>         --control-plane --certificate-key 5da3036c3748773980d0cc9ee4352ace20f6b3a5fbee5a5aad2a9ff0bba3ccd2 
W0111 20:26:07.335263    8470 initconfiguration.go:120] Usage of CRI endpoints without URL scheme is deprecated and can cause kubelet errors in the future. Automatically prepending scheme "unix" to the "criSocket" with value "/var/run/cri-docker/cri-docker.sock". Please update your configuration!
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING Hostname]: hostname "k8s-master-2" could not be reached
        [WARNING Hostname]: hostname "k8s-master-2": lookup k8s-master-2 on 192.168.2.84:53: no such host
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks before initializing the new control plane instance
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[download-certs] Downloading the certificates in Secret "kubeadm-certs" in the "kube-system" Namespace
[download-certs] Saving the certificates to the folder: "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Generating "etcd/healthcheck-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "etcd/server" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/server serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master-2 localhost] and IPs [192.168.2.176 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "etcd/peer" certificate and key
[certs] etcd/peer serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master-2 localhost] and IPs [192.168.2.176 127.0.0.1 ::1]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-etcd-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "apiserver" certificate and key
[certs] apiserver serving cert is signed for DNS names [k8s-master-2 kubernetes kubernetes.default kubernetes.default.svc kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local] and IPs [10.96.0.1 192.168.2.176 192.168.3.251 127.0.0.1]
[certs] Generating "apiserver-kubelet-client" certificate and key
[certs] Generating "front-proxy-client" certificate and key
[certs] Valid certificates and keys now exist in "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[certs] Using the existing "sa" key
[kubeconfig] Generating kubeconfig files
[kubeconfig] Using kubeconfig folder "/etc/kubernetes"
[kubeconfig] Writing "admin.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "controller-manager.conf" kubeconfig file
[kubeconfig] Writing "scheduler.conf" kubeconfig file
[control-plane] Using manifest folder "/etc/kubernetes/manifests"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-apiserver"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-controller-manager"
[control-plane] Creating static Pod manifest for "kube-scheduler"
[check-etcd] Checking that the etcd cluster is healthy
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...
[etcd] Announced new etcd member joining to the existing etcd cluster
[etcd] Creating static Pod manifest for "etcd"
[etcd] Waiting for the new etcd member to join the cluster. This can take up to 40s
[kubelet-check] Initial timeout of 40s passed.
The 'update-status' phase is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. Currently it performs no operation
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master-2 as control-plane by adding the labels: [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane node.kubernetes.io/exclude-from-external-load-balancers]
[mark-control-plane] Marking the node k8s-master-2 as control-plane by adding the taints [node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane:NoSchedule]

This node has joined the cluster and a new control plane instance was created:

* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and approval was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.
* Control plane label and taint were applied to the new node.
* The Kubernetes control plane instances scaled up.
* A new etcd member was added to the local/stacked etcd cluster.

To start administering your cluster from this node, you need to run the following as a regular user:

        mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
        sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
        sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Run 'kubectl get nodes' to see this node join the cluster.

# 设置kubelet 开机启动
systemctl enable kubelet.service
# 查看启动状态
systemctl status kubelet.service

#错误排除
journalctl -u kubelet

# master 节点查看节点
[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]# kubectl get nodes
NAME    STATUS     ROLES           AGE     VERSION
k8s-master-1   NotReady   control-plane   5m56s   v1.28.2
k8s-master-2   NotReady   control-plane   10m     v1.28.2
k8s-master-3  NotReady   control-plane   10m     v1.28.2

部署 node 节点(所有node节点执行)

kubeadm join 192.168.3.251:6443 --token vx5j0a.7n1jgk7cj7hffkmy \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6055c9951d7d92d1243006e973a41a375b71b8e20ae4ccdf35ac4a7edfd4531a
[root@k8s-node-1 ~]# kubeadm join 192.168.3.251:6443 --token vx5j0a.7n1jgk7cj7hffkmy \
>         --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6055c9951d7d92d1243006e973a41a375b71b8e20ae4ccdf35ac4a7edfd4531a
W0112 09:18:43.791610  356308 initconfiguration.go:120] Usage of CRI endpoints without URL scheme is deprecated and can cause kubelet errors in the future. Automatically prepending scheme "unix" to the "criSocket" with value "/var/run/cri-docker/cri-docker.sock". Please update your configuration!
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
        [WARNING Hostname]: hostname "k8s-node-1" could not be reached
        [WARNING Hostname]: hostname "k8s-node-1": lookup k8s-node-1 on 192.168.2.84:53: no such host
[preflight] Reading configuration from the cluster...
[preflight] FYI: You can look at this config file with 'kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml'
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet configuration to file "/var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml"
[kubelet-start] Writing kubelet environment file with flags to file "/var/lib/kubelet/kubeadm-flags.env"
[kubelet-start] Starting the kubelet
[kubelet-start] Waiting for the kubelet to perform the TLS Bootstrap...

This node has joined the cluster:
* Certificate signing request was sent to apiserver and a response was received.
* The Kubelet was informed of the new secure connection details.

Run 'kubectl get nodes' on the control-plane to see this node join the cluster.

flannel cni 部署

cat <<EOF | kubectl create -f -
---
kind: Namespace
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
    pod-security.kubernetes.io/enforce: privileged
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
  name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes/status
  verbs:
  - patch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - clustercidrs
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
  name: flannel
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: flannel
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-flannel
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    k8s-app: flannel
    app: flannel
data:
  cni-conf.json: |
    {
      "name": "cbr0",
      "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
      "plugins": [
        {
          "type": "flannel",
          "delegate": {
            "hairpinMode": true,
            "isDefaultGateway": true
          }
        },
        {
          "type": "portmap",
          "capabilities": {
            "portMappings": true
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  net-conf.json: |
    {
      "Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
      "Backend": {
        "Type": "vxlan"
      }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: kube-flannel-ds
  namespace: kube-flannel
  labels:
    tier: node
    app: flannel
    k8s-app: flannel
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: flannel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        tier: node
        app: flannel
    spec:
      affinity:
        nodeAffinity:
          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
            nodeSelectorTerms:
            - matchExpressions:
              - key: kubernetes.io/os
                operator: In
                values:
                - linux
      hostNetwork: true
      priorityClassName: system-node-critical
      tolerations:
      - operator: Exists
        effect: NoSchedule
      serviceAccountName: flannel
      initContainers:
      - name: install-cni-plugin
        image: docker.io/flannel/flannel-cni-plugin:v1.2.0
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /flannel
        - /opt/cni/bin/flannel
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni-plugin
          mountPath: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: install-cni
        image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.22.3
        command:
        - cp
        args:
        - -f
        - /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
        - /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
        volumeMounts:
        - name: cni
          mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
      containers:
      - name: kube-flannel
        image: docker.io/flannel/flannel:v0.22.3
        command:
        - /opt/bin/flanneld
        args:
        - --ip-masq
        - --kube-subnet-mgr
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: "100m"
            memory: "50Mi"
        securityContext:
          privileged: false
          capabilities:
            add: ["NET_ADMIN", "NET_RAW"]
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: EVENT_QUEUE_DEPTH
          value: "5000"
        volumeMounts:
        - name: run
          mountPath: /run/flannel
        - name: flannel-cfg
          mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
        - name: xtables-lock
          mountPath: /run/xtables.lock
      volumes:
      - name: run
        hostPath:
          path: /run/flannel
      - name: cni-plugin
        hostPath:
          path: /opt/cni/bin
      - name: cni
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/cni/net.d
      - name: flannel-cfg
        configMap:
          name: kube-flannel-cfg
      - name: xtables-lock
        hostPath:
          path: /run/xtables.lock
          type: FileOrCreate
EOF

集群测试

[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]# kubectl  get pod -A
 kubectl  get pod -A
NAMESPACE      NAME                            READY   STATUS    RESTARTS       AGE
kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-775sk           1/1     Running   0              3m26s
kube-flannel   kube-flannel-ds-px8vn           1/1     Running   0              3m26s
kube-system    coredns-66f779496c-86psn        1/1     Running   0              13h
kube-system    coredns-66f779496c-ptkdz        1/1     Running   0              13h
kube-system    etcd-rocky                      1/1     Running   3              13h
kube-system    kube-apiserver-rocky            1/1     Running   14 (13h ago)   13h
kube-system    kube-controller-manager-rocky   1/1     Running   6 (13h ago)    13h
kube-system    kube-proxy-5rld2                1/1     Running   0              13h
kube-system    kube-proxy-hkzts                1/1     Running   0              14m
kube-system    kube-scheduler-rocky            1/1     Running   5 (13h ago)    13h
kube-system    kube-vip-rocky                  1/1     Running   9 (32m ago)    13h
# dns 测试
dig @10.96.0.10 www.qq.com
cat <<EOF | kubectl create -f -
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: net-tools
  labels:
    k8s-app: net-tools
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: net-tools
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: net-tools
    spec:
      tolerations:
        - effect: NoSchedule
          operator: Exists
        - key: CriticalAddonsOnly
          operator: Exists
        - effect: NoExecute
          operator: Exists
      containers:
        - name: net-tools
          image: juestnow/net-tools
          command:
            - /bin/sh
            - "-c"
            - set -e -x; tail -f /dev/null
          resources:
            limits:
              memory: 30Mi
            requests:
              cpu: 50m
              memory: 20Mi
      dnsConfig:
        options:
          - name: single-request-reopen

EOF
[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]# kubectl  get pod
NAME              READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
net-tools-8wxnf   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          18s
net-tools-bxdns   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          18s

[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]# kubectl  get pod
NAME              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
net-tools-8wxnf   1/1     Running   0          105s
net-tools-bxdns   1/1     Running   0          105s
[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]#
[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]#
[root@k8s-master-1 tmp]# kubectl exec -ti net-tools-8wxnf /bin/sh
/ # ping www.qq.com
PING www.qq.com (121.14.77.221): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 121.14.77.221: seq=0 ttl=51 time=7.157 ms
^C
--- www.qq.com ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 7.157/7.157/7.157 ms
# 内网
/ # nc -vz kubernetes 443
kubernetes (10.96.0.1:443) open
/ # curl -k https://kubernetes
{
  "kind": "Status",
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "metadata": {},
  "status": "Failure",
  "message": "forbidden: User \"system:anonymous\" cannot get path \"/\"",
  "reason": "Forbidden",
  "details": {},
  "code": 403
}
/ #
# 内部解析正常
# 证明集群网络正常 

查看集节点信息

NAME           STATUS   ROLES           AGE   VERSION   INTERNAL-IP     EXTERNAL-IP    OS-IMAGE                      KERNEL-VERSION                 CONTAINER-RUNTIME
k8s-master-1   Ready    control-plane   13h   v1.28.2   192.168.2.175   <none>         Rocky Linux 9.3 (Blue Onyx)   5.14.0-284.30.1.el9_2.x86_64   containerd://1.6.26
k8s-master-2   Ready    control-plane   13h   v1.28.2   192.168.2.176   <none>         Rocky Linux 9.3 (Blue Onyx)   5.14.0-284.30.1.el9_2.x86_64   containerd://1.6.26
k8s-master-3   Ready    control-plane   13h   v1.28.2   192.168.2.177   <none>         Rocky Linux 9.3 (Blue Onyx)   5.14.0-284.30.1.el9_2.x86_64   containerd://1.6.26
k8s-node-1     Ready    <none>          13h   v1.28.2   192.168.2.185   <none>         Rocky Linux 9.3 (Blue Onyx)   5.14.0-284.30.1.el9_2.x86_64   containerd://1.6.26
k8s-node-2     Ready    <none>          13h   v1.28.2   192.168.2.187   <none>         Rocky Linux 9.3 (Blue Onyx)   5.14.0-284.30.1.el9_2.x86_64   containerd://1.6.26
k8s-node-3     Ready    <none>          13h   v1.28.2   192.168.3.62    <none>         Rocky Linux 9.3 (Blue Onyx)   5.14.0-284.30.1.el9_2.x86_64   containerd://1.6.26
k8s-node-4     Ready    <none>          13h   v1.28.2   192.168.3.70    <none>         Rocky Linux 9.3 (Blue Onyx)   5.14.0-284.30.1.el9_2.x86_64   containerd://1.6.26

超大集群负载方案

由于使用kube-vip 方案同时只能一个master 对外提供服务不能多master 负载均衡 下面内部使用 127.0.0.1 每个节点启动 代理 可以是nginx haproxy
以下使用镜像：

• 项目地址 https://github.com/qist/k8s/tree/master/dockerfile/k8s-ha-master
• nginx镜像 docker.io/juestnow/nginx-proxy:1.21.6
• haproxy镜像 docker.io/juestnow/haproxy-proxy:2.5.4
• prometheus 端口 8404
• CP_HOSTS 后端 master ip 192.168.2.175,192.168.2.176,192.168.2.177
• CPU_NUM 配置进程使用cpu 数量 4
• BACKEND_PORT 后端端口 6443
• HOST_PORT 代理监听端口 8443
• 所有节点执行
• kube-vip kubectl 跟 ci/cd 工具使用

cat <<EOF | tee /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-lb.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    component: kube-lb
    tier: control-plane
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/port: "8404"
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"    
  name: kube-lb
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  containers:
  - args:
    - "CP_HOSTS=192.168.2.175,192.168.2.176,192.168.2.177"
    image: docker.io/juestnow/haproxy-proxy:2.5.4
    imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    name: kube-lb
    env:
    - name: CPU_NUM
      value: "4"
    - name: BACKEND_PORT
      value: "6443"
    - name: HOST_PORT
      value: "8443"
    - name: CP_HOSTS
      value: "192.168.2.175,192.168.2.176,192.168.2.177"
  hostNetwork: true
  priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
status: {}
EOF

# 查看是否部署完成
[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# kubectl -n kube-system   get pod| grep kube-lb
kube-lb-k8s-master-1                  1/1     Running   0              77s
kube-lb-k8s-master-2                  1/1     Running   0              84s

# 进入节点查询端口是否监听
[root@k8s-master-1~]# ss -tnlp | grep 8443
LISTEN 0      4096               *:8443             *:*    users:(("haproxy",pid=829813,fd=7))
# 替换 配置kubeconfig 文件 server 地址 master1 节点
sed -i 's/192.168.2.175:6443/127.0.0.1:8443/g' /etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf
sed -i 's/192.168.2.175:6443/127.0.0.1:8443/g' /etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf
sed -i 's/192.168.3.251:6443/127.0.0.1:8443/g' /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf

# controller-manager scheduler server 地址是本地ip
# master2 节点
sed -i 's/192.168.2.176:6443/127.0.0.1:8443/g' /etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf
sed -i 's/192.168.2.176:6443/127.0.0.1:8443/g' /etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf
sed -i 's/192.168.3.251:6443/127.0.0.1:8443/g' /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf
# master3 节点
sed -i 's/192.168.2.177:6443/127.0.0.1:8443/g' /etc/kubernetes/controller-manager.conf
sed -i 's/192.168.2.177:6443/127.0.0.1:8443/g' /etc/kubernetes/scheduler.conf
sed -i 's/192.168.3.251:6443/127.0.0.1:8443/g' /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf

# 所有ndoe 节点 
sed -i 's/192.168.3.251:6443/127.0.0.1:8443/g' /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf

# 重启 kubelet
systemctl restart kubelet

# 以修改 master1 为例
[root@k8s-master-1 ~]# netstat -tnp| grep kubelet
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:33892         127.0.0.1:8443          ESTABLISHED 832614/kubelet

# 查看 controller-manager scheduler CONTAINER ID
[root@master-1 ~]# crictl ps
CONTAINER           IMAGE               CREATED             STATE               NAME                      ATTEMPT             POD ID              POD
ea2189e1a86da       bd4be6845ffba       12 minutes ago      Running             kube-lb                   0                   c11bebef002c1       kube-lb-master-1
62f1acd2683c4       ead0a4a53df89       38 minutes ago      Running             coredns                   0                   1c299fce6b19e       coredns-66f779496c-86psn
619ccabe67ac7       ead0a4a53df89       38 minutes ago      Running             coredns                   0                   e8d5a7fc93544       coredns-66f779496c-ptkdz
d25e5a09017f4       e23f7ca36333c       38 minutes ago      Running             kube-flannel              0                   7b27e08049458       kube-flannel-ds-775sk
983817065f5b3       35d002bc4cbfa       About an hour ago   Running             kube-vip                  9                   e9d04ca9f5db9       kube-vip-master-1
1c2733db52682       cdcab12b2dd16       14 hours ago        Running             kube-apiserver            14                  31488e8169f07       kube-apiserver-master-1
c16f1b235008f       55f13c92defb1       14 hours ago        Running             kube-controller-manager   6                   9d14a61354bc4       kube-controller-manager-master-1
8b19001f00f0b       7a5d9d67a13f6       14 hours ago        Running             kube-scheduler            5                   cc35049599e04       kube-scheduler-master-1
a1e3b1477ee15       c120fed2beb84       14 hours ago        Running             kube-proxy                0                   c42361e6da312       kube-proxy-5rld2
24a99953e8dd5       73deb9a3f7025       14 hours ago        Running             etcd                      3                   933789ea5868d       etcd-master-1

# 删除 controller-manager scheduler
 crictl rm -f 8b19001f00f0b c16f1b235008f

# 查看 是否修改成功
[root@master-1 ~]# netstat -tnp| grep 8443
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:33892         127.0.0.1:8443          ESTABLISHED 832614/kubelet
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:36420         127.0.0.1:8443          ESTABLISHED 833501/kube-control
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:36446         127.0.0.1:8443          ESTABLISHED 833500/kube-schedul
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:36430         127.0.0.1:8443          ESTABLISHED 833500/kube-schedul
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:8443          127.0.0.1:36430         ESTABLISHED 829813/haproxy
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:8443          127.0.0.1:36446         ESTABLISHED 829813/haproxy
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:8443          127.0.0.1:36420         ESTABLISHED 829813/haproxy
tcp6       0      0 127.0.0.1:8443          127.0.0.1:33892         ESTABLISHED 829813/haproxy

# 修改 kube-proxy kubeconfig 地址
kubectl  -n kube-system edit cm kube-proxy

找到  server: https://192.168.3.251:6443
改成 server: https://127.0.0.1:8443

# 重启 kube-proxy pod
kubectl  -n kube-system rollout restart daemonsets  kube-proxy

# 查看是否启动成功
[root@master-1 ~]# netstat -tnp| grep kube-proxy
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:16228         127.0.0.1:8443          ESTABLISHED 836301/kube-proxy

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